Many ailments affect us all on a regular basis. It is important that patients know the basics of these common malidies that touch our daily lives.

Sinusitis

Sinus disease or sinusitis is an inflammation and infection in the air filled cavities within the face that branch off from the nasal cavity. A sinus infection can start out as a simple cold in the nose or can be the result of chronic nasal allergies. Nasal polyps can also be associated with chronic allergic rhinitis and sinusitis.

Sinusitis is initially treated with antibiotics, decongestants, and nasal sprays. If a sinus infection becomes chronic or recurs numerous times, endoscopic sinus surgery may be indicated to improve the drainage of the sinuses.

Otitis Externa

Otitis externa is commonly known as Swimmer’s Ear. Infections of the skin of the outer ear canal (i.e. outside the eardrum) can cause pain, drainage and temporary hearing loss (due to the swollen ear canal or infected debris). These infections are classified as an inflammation of the skin, which is caused by bacteria or a fungal organism. Moisture in the ear from bathing, swimming or excessive sweating can precipitate external otitis. Examination under the microscope with careful suctioning will clear the infected debris out the ear canal. Sometimes a small sponge is inserted by the doctor to allow the administration of antibiotic eardrops. Once the ear canal is clear, the eardrops are used for a few days to kill the remaining organisms.

Otitis Media

Otitis Media is a very common infection in children but can also occur in adults. Nasal congestion from colds or allergic rhinitis can cause congestion in the eustachian tube (the opening that drains the ear space into the back of the nose), which can lead to an ear infection.

Ear infections are treated with antibiotics and decongestants. If an ear infection (especially in a child) does not clear after appropriate treatment, then insertion of a PE tube (pressure equalization tube) may be needed. Many times the actual ear infection resolves but a thick fluid remains behind the eardrum that does not resolve. This can temporarily reduce hearing and cause some imbalance or dizziness. Again, a PE tube can be inserted into the ear drum or the fluid can simply be drained from the ear(s) without the insertion of a PE tube.

Snoring & Sleep Apnea

Snoring occurs when there is an obstruction to the free flow of air through the passages at the back of the mouth and nose. Snoring can be serious because it disturbs sleeping patterns and deprives the snorer of appropriate rest. When snoring is severe, it can cause a variety of long-term health problems such as hypertension and headaches. Children may experience poor concentration or bedwetting. This is called obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

When an individual’s throat becomes completely blocked during sleep it causes sleep apnea. Signs and symptoms may include stopped breathing for short periods of time; very loud snoring followed by very quiet periods, and gasping or snorting during sleep.

Individuals with sleep apnea may: feel drowsy during the day; wake up tired even after a full night of rest; wake up with a headache; be cranky or have a short temper; have problems with memory and concentration; or fall asleep at inappropriate times.

Snoring and sleep apnea can be treated. Treatment may include lifestyle changes, medical devices, or surgery. If left untreated, sleep apnea can have long-term health effects such as elevated blood pressures and heart enlargement.

Nasal Polyps

A nasal polyp is any mass of tissue that protrudes from the normal lining of the inside of the nose or sinus. Nasal polyps originate from the mucosal tissue, which lines the inside of the nasal cavity. The configuration is similar to that of a grape but size, color, and texture may vary. Some tumors may look like polyps. Polyps that occur on both sides of the nose are usually caused by allergies. Polyps that are on just one side generally result from infection or they can represent a benign or malignant growth. If a polyp is related to an allergy, it is important to treat the underlying allergic condition. Though polyps may be removed in the office, the procedure is usually done in a hospital setting under anesthesia.